2,079 research outputs found
Geometric quantization on homogeneous spaces and the meaning of `inequivalent' quantizations
Consideration of the geometric quantization of the phase space of a particle
in an external Yang-Mills field allows the results of the Mackey-Isham
quantization procedure for homogeneous configuration spaces to be
reinterpreted. In particular, a clear physical interpretation of the
`inequivalent' quantizations occurring in that procedure is given.Comment: 8 page
Development of a mathematical model for blowdown of vessels containing multi-component hydrocarbon mixtures
This thesis describes the development of a mathematical model, BLOWSIM, for
simulating vapour space blowdown of an isolated vessel containing single (vapour)
or two-phase (vapour and liquid) hydrocarbon mixtures based on three Cubic
Equations of State (CEOS). These include Soaves Redlich-Kwong (SRK), Peng-
Robinson (PR) and the recently developed Twu-Coon-Cunningham (TCC) CEOS.
The performances of the above equations are first evaluated by comparing their
predictions for a range of important thermophysical properties (including
vapour/liquid equilibrium data, speed of sound and fluid densities) with experimental
data for single and multi-component hydrocarbon systems. These data are reported
as a function of reduced pressures and temperatures in the ranges 0.00053 - 43.41 and
0.33 - 2.09 respectively. Typical systems tested include pure alkanes as well as
mixtures containing methane, ethane, propane, Hâ‚‚S, COâ‚‚, Nâ‚‚
and trace amounts of
heavy hydrocarbons.
The above is then followed by applications of all three equations in the blowdown
model and comparing the results with those obtained from a number of experiments
relating to the blowdown of the various hydrocarbon systems from a maximum
pressure of 120 atm and ambient temperature. Typical output include the variations
of fluid pressure, temperature (both liquid and vapour), discharge rate as well as the
wetted and unwetted wall temperatures with time.
Another major part of the study includes investigating the effects of different
assumptions relating to the estimation of the liquid/wall heat transfer coefficient, the
thermodynamic trajectory of the fluid in the vessel as well as the fluid phase at the
orifice on blowdown predictions.
We find that in general all three CEOS provide a similar level of accuracy with TCC
CEOS providing the best performance in terms of predicting vapour speed of sound
at Pr > 3. However, the equation gives rise to relatively large errors in predicting
liquid speed of sound at Tr \leq 0.6. Typical accuracy of the blowdown model in terms
of predicting fluid and wall temperatures during depressurisation are ±7 and 5K
respectively
Mixed spatial and movement representations in the primate posterior parietal cortex
The posterior parietal cortex (PPC) of humans and non-human primates plays a key role in the sensory and motor transformations required to guide motor actions to objects of interest in the environment. Despite decades of research, the anatomical and functional organization of this region is still a matter of contention. It is generally accepted that specialized parietal subregions and their functional counterparts in the frontal cortex participate in distinct segregated networks related to eye, arm and hand movements. However, experimental evidence obtained primarily from single neuron recording studies in non-human primates has demonstrated a rich mixing of signals processed by parietal neurons, calling into question ideas for a strict functional specialization. Here, we present a brief account of this line of research together with the basic trends in the anatomical connectivity patterns of the parietal subregions. We review, the evidence related to the functional communication between subregions of the PPC and describe progress towards using parietal neuron activity in neuroprosthetic applications. Recent literature suggests a role for the PPC not as a constellation of specialized functional subdomains, but as a dynamic network of sensorimotor loci that combine multiple signals and work in concert to guide motor behavior
Culture conditions for optimal growth of actinomycetes from marine sponges
Actinomycetes are filamentous gram-positive bacteria that can be found abundantly in both terrestrial and marine environment. These bacteria are known as producers of many bioactive compounds through the production of secondary metabolites for their survival and adaptation in nature and have been widely used today as therapeutic agents. Marine actinomycetes have been the focus of researc over the past decade for new drugs discovery due to its unique adaptation in the harsh sea environment. It is believed that marine actinomycetes could produce compounds that are rare and unique compared to the terrestrial actinomycetes. Despite its potential, marine actinomycetes are critically difficult to culture in laboratory because these actinomycetes live in extreme environment in the sea with high salt concentration, high pressure, low temperature, and constant pH changes of seawater in its natural environment. Hence, in this study, optimum condition to culture marine actinomycetes was achieved by culturing the marine actinomycetes from marine sponges on different culture condition such as different types of isolation media, pH, seasalt concentration, temperature, and incubation time. Starch casein agar (SCA) is shown to be the best isolation media compared to actinomycetes isolation agar (AIA) and Kuster agar (KUA). The growth of marine actinomycetes is optimum at pH 7, 40 % of seasalt concentration, 20–30 °C and 7–10 days of incubation time
Trends and burden of diabetes in pregnancy among Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal mothers in Western Australia, 1998–2015
Background
Diabetes in pregnancy (DIP), which includes pre-gestational and gestational diabetes, is more prevalent among Aboriginal women. DIP and its adverse neonatal outcomes are associated with diabetes and cardiovascular disease in the offspring. This study investigated the impact of DIP on trends of large for gestational age (LGA) in Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal populations, and added to the limited evidence on temporal trends of DIP burden in these populations.
Methods
We conducted a retrospective cohort study that included all births in Western Australia between 1998 and 2015 using linked population health datasets. Time trends of age-standardised and crude rates of pre-gestational and gestational diabetes were estimated in Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal mothers. Mixed-effects multivariable logistic regression was used to estimate the association between DIP and population LGA trends over time.
Results
Over the study period, there were 526,319 births in Western Australia, of which 6.4% were to Aboriginal mothers. The age-standardised annual rates of pre-gestational diabetes among Aboriginal mothers rose from 4.3% in 1998 to 5.4% in 2015 and remained below 1% in non-Aboriginal women. The comparable rates for gestational diabetes increased from 6.7 to 11.5% over the study period in Aboriginal women, and from 3.5 to 10.2% among non-Aboriginal mothers. LGA rates in Aboriginal babies remained high with inconsistent and no improvement in pregnancies complicated by gestational diabetes and pre-gestational diabetes, respectively. Regression analyses showed that DIP explained a large part of the increasing LGA rates over time in Aboriginal babies.
Conclusions
There has been a substantial increase in the burden of pre-gestational diabetes (Aboriginal women) and gestational diabetes (Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal) in recent decades. DIP appears to substantially contribute to increasing trends in LGA among Aboriginal babies
Nonlinear dynamics of soft fermion excitations in hot QCD plasma II: Soft-quark - hard-particle scattering and energy losses
In general line with our first work [Yu.A. Markov, M.A. Markova, Nucl. Phys.
A 770 (2006) 162] within the framework of semiclassical approximation a general
theory for the scattering processes of soft (anti)quark excitations off hard
thermal particles in hot QCD-medium is thoroughly considered. The dynamical
equations describing evolution for the usual classical color charge
and Grassmann color charges of hard
particle taking into account the soft fermion degree of freedom of the system
are suggested. On the basis of these equations and the Blaizot-Iancu equations
iterative procedure of calculation of effective currents and sources generating
the scattering processes under consideration is defined and their form up to
third order in powers of free soft quark field, soft gluon one, and initial
values of the color charges of hard particle is explicitly calculated. With use
of the generalized Tsytovich principle a connection between matrix elements of
the scattering processes and the effective currents and sources is established.
In the context of the effective theory suggested for soft and hard fermion
excitations new mechanisms of energy losses of high-energy parton propagating
through QCD-medium are considered.Comment: 85 pages, 15 figures, added new appendix A, section 10 is removed,
mistakes, and typing errors are corrected. Version to appear in Nucl. Phys.
Energy Losses (Gains) of Massive Coloured Particles in Stochastic Colour Medium
The propagation of massive coloured particles in stochastic background
chromoelectric field is studied using the semiclassical equations of motion.
Depending on the nature of the stochastic background we obtain the formulae for
the energy losses of heavy coloured projectile in nonperturbative hadronic
medium and for the energy gains in the stochastic field present, e.g., in the
turbulent plasma. The result appears to be significantly dependent on the form
of the correlation function of stochastic external fieldComment: 9 pages, BI-TP 94/15, plain LaTe
Selective C-H Olefination of Indolines (C5) and Tetrahydroquinolines (C6) by Pd/S,O-Ligand Catalysis
Three-body decay of the d* dibaryon
Under certain circumstances, a three-body decay width can be approximated by
an integral involving a product of two off-shell two-body decay widths. This
``angle-average'' approximation is used to calculate the decay width
of the dibaryon in a simple model for the most
important Feynman diagrams describing pion emissions with baryon-baryon recoil
and meson retardation. The decay width is found to be about 0.006 (0.07, 0.5)
MeV at the mass of 2065 (2100, 2150) MeV for input dynamics derived from
the Full Bonn potential. The smallness of this width is qualitatively
understood as the result of the three-body decay being ``third forbidden''. The
concept of forbiddenness and the threshold behavior of a three-body
decay are further studied in connection with the decay of the dibaryon
where the idea of unfavorness has to be introduced.
The implications of these results are briefly discussed.Comment: 15 pages, RevTeX, two-column journal style, six figure
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